Discover some mysteries and curiosities about Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu, the “Lost City of the Incas,” is a marvel of ancient engineering and a testament to a powerful civilization. Nestled high in the Andes Mountains of Peru, this UNESCO World Heritage site draws millions of visitors, yet many of its secrets remain hidden. From its ingenious construction to its mysterious abandonment, Machu Picchu continues to captivate and puzzle experts. Dive into the incredible world of this ancient wonder with these intriguing facts you might not have known!

The Enigma of Machu Picchu’s True Purpose

Despite extensive research, the exact purpose of Machu Picchu remains one of its greatest mysteries. Was it a royal estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti? A sacred religious site? An astronomical observatory? Or perhaps a secret military stronghold? While various theories exist, scholars are still debating the primary function of this breathtaking citadel. This ongoing debate only adds to its allure, inviting visitors to ponder its original intent as they explore its ancient stones.

Engineering Marvels: How Machu Picchu Defied Logic

The Incas were master builders, and Machu Picchu stands as their crowning achievement. What’s truly astonishing is that they constructed this vast complex without the use of mortar! They employed a technique called “ashlar masonry,” where stones are cut so precisely that they fit together perfectly, like a jigsaw puzzle, without any gaps. This incredible precision not only made the structures remarkably stable – even against frequent earthquakes – but also showcased an advanced understanding of engineering that continues to baffle modern architects.

The “Lost City” That Was Never Truly Lost

While Machu Picchu is often referred to as the “Lost City,” it was never truly lost to the local indigenous communities. They knew of its existence for centuries. It was “lost” only to the outside world until American explorer Hiram Bingham III “rediscovered” it in 1911. His expedition brought Machu Picchu to international attention, but local farmers had been living and working in the area for generations, well aware of the majestic ruins hidden by dense vegetation.

Surviving Earthquakes: Machu Picchu’s Remarkable Resilience

Peru is located in a seismically active zone, experiencing frequent earthquakes. Yet, Machu Picchu has stood for centuries, largely intact. The secret lies in the Incas’ ingenious construction methods. Besides the interlocking stones, the foundations of many structures are designed to be flexible, allowing the stones to “dance” during an earthquake and then settle back into place. This anti-seismic technology is a remarkable example of ancient wisdom adapting to natural challenges.

The Mysteries of the Intihuatana Stone

Among the many intriguing structures at Machu Picchu is the Intihuatana, or “Hitching Post of the Sun.” This carved stone pillar is believed to have been used by the Incas for astronomical observations, allowing them to track the solstices and equinoxes. Its precise alignment with the sun at specific times of the year suggests a deep understanding of celestial mechanics. Some even believe it possesses spiritual energy, drawing visitors to touch its surface and feel its ancient power.

Abandonment of a Masterpiece: Why Was it Left?

Just over a century after its construction, Machu Picchu was abandoned. The exact reasons for its desertion are another enduring mystery. Theories range from an outbreak of smallpox, which decimated the Inca population, to the Spanish conquest. However, the Spanish never found Machu Picchu, suggesting it wasn’t abandoned due to direct invasion but perhaps a strategic decision or environmental factors that forced the Incas to leave their magnificent city behind.

Llamas: The Unofficial Guardians of Machu Picchu

While no humans live permanently within the ancient citadel today, you’ll find plenty of resident llamas grazing freely among the ruins. These South American camelids are not just photogenic companions for tourists; they play a practical role in maintaining the site’s vegetation. Their natural grazing helps keep the grass trimmed, contributing to the preservation of this historical treasure.

Machu Picchu’s Unique Microclimate

Nestled between the Andes Mountains and the Amazon basin, Machu Picchu experiences a unique cloud forest microclimate. This results in two main seasons: a dry season (April to October) and a wet season (November to March). The lush greenery and frequent misty mornings add to the mystical ambiance of the site, making every visit a distinct experience, whether bathed in sunlight or shrouded in clouds.

The Unseen Infrastructure: More Below Ground Than Above

A significant portion of Machu Picchu’s architectural genius lies hidden beneath the surface. Experts estimate that nearly 60% of the site’s construction is underground, consisting of intricate drainage systems, deep foundations, and retaining walls. This hidden infrastructure was crucial for managing the heavy rainfall and ensuring the stability of the terraces and buildings on the steep mountain slopes.

Getting Your Passport Stamped: A Unique Souvenir

For many visitors, getting their passport stamped with a special Machu Picchu seal is a cherished souvenir. While not an official entry stamp, a small hut near the exit of the site offers this unique memento. It’s a small but memorable way to commemorate your visit to one of the world’s most incredible ancient wonders.